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#Gms stain manual#

The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). "The interaction between Histoplasma capsulatum cell wall carbohydrates and host components: relevance in the immunomodulatory role of histoplasmosis.". ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Humphrey, Peter A Dehner, Louis P Pfeifer, John D (2008)."Revised surveillance case definitions for HIV infection among adults, adolescents, and children aged <18 months and for HIV infection and AIDS among children aged 18 months to <13 years-United States, 2008".

↑ Schneider E, Whitmore S, Glynn KM, Dominguez K, Mitsch A, McKenna MT (December 2008).

Anatomic Pathology Board Review (1st ed.). "Challenges and pitfalls of morphologic identification of fungal infections in histologic and cytologic specimens: a ten-year retrospective review at a single institution.". as they (like cryptococci) stain for methenamine silver, Alcian blue, and PAS.

May be confused with corpora amylacea in the CNS, esp.

Usually accompanied by very little inflammation.

"Tear drop-shapped" budding pattern (useful to differentiate from Blastomyces, Histoplasma).

Thick mucopolysacchardie capsule + refractile centre.

Round/ovoid 5-15 micrometres (may resemble Histoplasma or Candida - but often larger).

Most common fungus seen in CSF specimens.As anatomical pathologists are approximately 80% accurate (when measured against culture), it is important to state something like correlation with culture is recommended.The gold standard for determining the microorganisms is culture.Pseudohyphae = looks like hyphae -but branching pattern is created by separate cells.Septae/septation = hyphae may be subdivided by septae - if they aren't they are one mass of protoplasm.Mycelial = filamentous network of hyphae.Hyphae = microscopic filamentous growth (of fungi) - single cell.